Parmesan cheese, with its distinct granular texture and savory, nutty flavor, is a staple in kitchens worldwide. Beyond a simple topping, Parmesan boasts an impressive versatility, lending its unique character to a vast array of dishes. This article explores the diverse applications of Parmesan cheese, providing inspiration for both seasoned chefs and home cooks alike.
Parmesan as a Flavor Enhancer
Parmesan’s intense umami flavor makes it a powerful tool for enhancing the overall taste of dishes. A little Parmesan can go a long way in adding depth and complexity.
Grated Parmesan: The Quintessential Topping
The most common use of Parmesan is as a grated topping. Freshly grated Parmesan, whether from a block using a microplane or pre-grated, adds a salty, savory finish to pasta dishes. Think classic spaghetti Bolognese, creamy Alfredo, or even a simple aglio e olio. Beyond pasta, grated Parmesan elevates soups, salads, and roasted vegetables.
Parmesan Shavings: Adding Texture and Visual Appeal
Instead of grating, consider using a vegetable peeler or cheese knife to create delicate Parmesan shavings. These shavings offer a more pronounced flavor and a visually appealing texture. They work particularly well in salads, adding a salty crunch, or as a garnish for carpaccio and other appetizer dishes.
Parmesan Rinds: Unlocking Hidden Flavor
Don’t discard the Parmesan rind! These often-overlooked pieces are packed with flavor. Add them to simmering soups, stews, and sauces to infuse a rich, cheesy depth. Remove the rinds before serving. They can also be used to flavor risotto or polenta, adding a subtle Parmesan essence. Saving your Parmesan rinds is a budget-friendly way to maximize the flavor of this versatile cheese.
Parmesan in Cooking: Expanding Culinary Horizons
Beyond its role as a topping, Parmesan can be incorporated directly into various cooking methods, adding a unique dimension to dishes.
Parmesan Crisps: A Crunchy Delight
Parmesan crisps are incredibly easy to make and offer a delightful crunchy texture and intense Parmesan flavor. Simply spread grated Parmesan cheese in thin circles on a parchment-lined baking sheet and bake until melted and golden brown. These crisps are perfect as a standalone snack, a garnish for soups and salads, or as an accompaniment to cheese boards. You can even experiment with adding spices like black pepper, red pepper flakes, or herbs to the cheese before baking.
Parmesan Crusts: Adding Flavor and Texture
Parmesan can be used to create a flavorful and crispy crust for various proteins and vegetables. For chicken or fish, combine grated Parmesan with breadcrumbs, herbs, and spices. Press the mixture onto the protein before baking or pan-frying. Similarly, toss vegetables like asparagus, Brussels sprouts, or zucchini with Parmesan cheese and olive oil before roasting for a delicious and crispy side dish.
Parmesan Risotto: Creamy and Flavorful
Parmesan cheese is an essential ingredient in risotto, contributing to its creamy texture and rich flavor. As the risotto cooks, gradually stir in grated Parmesan cheese towards the end, allowing it to melt and bind the rice together. The cheese adds a salty, savory depth that complements the other flavors in the dish.
Parmesan Soufflés: Light and Airy
Parmesan cheese adds a savory and cheesy flavor to soufflés, making them a delicious and impressive appetizer or side dish. The cheese helps to create a light and airy texture, while also providing a rich and satisfying taste.
Parmesan Polenta: A Comforting Classic
Similar to risotto, polenta benefits greatly from the addition of Parmesan cheese. Stirring in grated Parmesan cheese towards the end of the cooking process creates a creamy and flavorful polenta that is perfect as a base for various toppings, such as roasted vegetables, grilled meats, or a simple tomato sauce.
Parmesan in Baking: Unexpected Culinary Applications
Parmesan’s savory flavor also lends itself surprisingly well to baking, adding a unique twist to both sweet and savory creations.
Parmesan Scones: A Savory Treat
Parmesan scones offer a delightful alternative to traditional sweet scones. The cheese adds a savory and salty flavor that pairs perfectly with herbs and spices. Serve them warm with butter or alongside soup or salad.
Parmesan Bread: A Flavorful Loaf
Incorporating Parmesan cheese into bread dough adds a rich and savory flavor to the loaf. You can add grated Parmesan directly to the dough or sprinkle it on top before baking. Parmesan bread is delicious on its own, toasted, or used for sandwiches.
Parmesan Crackers: A Homemade Snack
Homemade Parmesan crackers are a simple and satisfying snack. Combine grated Parmesan cheese with flour, butter, and seasonings, then roll out the dough and bake until crispy. These crackers are perfect for serving with cheese, dips, or as a standalone snack.
Parmesan Cookies: A Surprising Twist
While less common, Parmesan can even be used in cookies for a surprising and savory twist. Pair it with herbs like rosemary or thyme for a sophisticated and flavorful treat. These cookies are perfect for serving as an appetizer or alongside a cheese board.
Parmesan Pairings: Enhancing the Dining Experience
Parmesan’s flavor profile pairs well with a wide range of ingredients, creating harmonious and delicious combinations.
Wine Pairings: Finding the Perfect Match
Parmesan cheese pairs well with a variety of wines, depending on the age and intensity of the cheese. Younger, milder Parmesan cheeses pair well with light-bodied white wines like Pinot Grigio or Sauvignon Blanc. Older, more aged Parmesan cheeses pair well with full-bodied red wines like Chianti or Barolo. Experimenting with different wine pairings can enhance the overall dining experience.
Food Pairings: Complementary Flavors
Parmesan cheese complements a wide range of foods. It pairs well with tomatoes, basil, olive oil, balsamic vinegar, and cured meats. It also complements earthy flavors like mushrooms and truffles. Consider these pairings when creating appetizers, salads, or main courses.
Storing Parmesan Cheese: Preserving Quality and Flavor
Proper storage is crucial for maintaining the quality and flavor of Parmesan cheese.
Storing a Block of Parmesan: Preventing Drying
A block of Parmesan cheese should be stored in the refrigerator, tightly wrapped in plastic wrap or beeswax wrap. This helps to prevent it from drying out and absorbing odors from other foods. For optimal storage, consider wrapping the cheese in parchment paper first, then in plastic wrap.
Storing Grated Parmesan: Maintaining Freshness
Grated Parmesan cheese should also be stored in the refrigerator, in an airtight container. Pre-grated Parmesan cheese often contains cellulose to prevent clumping, which can affect its flavor and texture. For the best flavor, it is recommended to grate Parmesan cheese fresh as needed.
Parmesan Cheese Varieties: Exploring Different Flavors
While “Parmesan” is often used generically, there are variations in the cheese that affect its flavor and texture.
Parmigiano-Reggiano: The Authentic Choice
Parmigiano-Reggiano is the authentic Italian Parmesan cheese, produced in a specific region of Italy and adhering to strict production standards. It is known for its complex flavor, granular texture, and fruity aroma.
Domestic Parmesan: A More Affordable Option
Domestic Parmesan cheese is produced outside of Italy and may not adhere to the same strict standards as Parmigiano-Reggiano. It is often more affordable but may have a milder flavor and a less granular texture.
In conclusion, Parmesan cheese is a versatile and flavorful ingredient that can enhance a wide range of dishes. From simple toppings to complex culinary creations, Parmesan offers a unique depth of flavor and texture. By exploring the various ways to use Parmesan cheese, you can unlock its full potential and elevate your cooking to new heights.
What is the difference between Parmigiano-Reggiano and Parmesan cheese?
Parmigiano-Reggiano is the authentic Italian cheese, produced in a specific region of Italy (Parma, Reggio Emilia, Modena, Bologna west of the Reno river, and Mantua east of the Po river) following strict production guidelines. These regulations dictate everything from the cows’ diet to the aging process (minimum 12 months). True Parmigiano-Reggiano is a protected designation of origin (PDO), ensuring its quality and authenticity.
Parmesan, on the other hand, is often a generic term used for cheeses that resemble Parmigiano-Reggiano. These cheeses are typically produced outside of Italy and may not adhere to the same rigorous standards. While some “Parmesan” cheeses can be quite good, they often lack the complex flavor profile and nuanced texture of authentic Parmigiano-Reggiano, sometimes containing cellulose or other additives to prevent caking.
How should I store Parmesan cheese to maintain its freshness?
The best way to store a wedge of Parmesan cheese is in the refrigerator, tightly wrapped in parchment paper and then placed in a resealable plastic bag. This helps to prevent the cheese from drying out while also allowing it to breathe. Avoid wrapping it directly in plastic wrap, as this can trap moisture and lead to mold growth. Aim to consume it within a few weeks for optimal flavor.
Grated Parmesan should also be stored in the refrigerator in an airtight container. Pre-grated Parmesan often contains cellulose to prevent clumping, but it will still dry out faster than a wedge. For longer storage, consider freezing grated Parmesan. Place it in a freezer-safe bag, squeezing out as much air as possible. While the texture may change slightly upon thawing, it will still be suitable for cooking.
What are some creative ways to use Parmesan cheese rinds?
Parmesan rinds, often discarded, are a treasure trove of flavor and can be used in a variety of dishes. One of the most popular methods is to add them to soups and stews while they simmer. The rind will soften and impart a rich, savory flavor to the broth. Remember to remove the rind before serving, as it won’t fully melt.
Another creative use is to infuse olive oil with Parmesan rind. Simply place the rind in a jar of high-quality olive oil and let it steep for several days or weeks. The oil will take on a subtle Parmesan flavor, perfect for drizzling over pasta, salads, or grilled vegetables. You can also add the rinds to stocks or broths for an umami boost.
Can Parmesan cheese be used in desserts?
While Parmesan cheese is typically associated with savory dishes, it can surprisingly enhance certain desserts. The key is to use it sparingly and pair it with flavors that complement its saltiness and umami. Think of combinations like Parmesan shortbread with a hint of rosemary or a Parmesan and honey crumble topping for fruit desserts.
Another interesting application is incorporating finely grated Parmesan into caramel. The saltiness of the cheese cuts through the sweetness of the caramel, creating a complex and addictive flavor. These Parmesan caramels can be enjoyed on their own or used to top desserts like ice cream or apple pie. Experimenting with sweet and savory combinations can unlock new culinary possibilities.
What are some vegetarian dishes that are elevated by Parmesan cheese?
Parmesan cheese is a fantastic addition to many vegetarian dishes, adding depth and complexity. Consider using it to elevate classic pasta dishes like cacio e pepe, where it’s a star ingredient alongside black pepper and pasta water. It also pairs beautifully with roasted vegetables, such as asparagus, Brussels sprouts, or butternut squash, adding a salty, savory note.
Furthermore, Parmesan can be incorporated into vegetarian gratins and casseroles, providing a crispy, flavorful topping. Try adding it to a spinach and artichoke dip or using it as a component in vegetable-based frittatas and quiches. The umami-rich flavor of Parmesan complements the earthiness of many vegetables, creating a satisfying and well-rounded vegetarian meal.
How can I tell if my Parmesan cheese has gone bad?
One of the first signs that Parmesan cheese may be past its prime is a noticeable change in smell. If it develops a strong, ammonia-like odor, it’s likely spoiled. A slight musty smell is not necessarily an indication of spoilage, but a strong, unpleasant odor is a definite warning sign. Also look for excessive mold growth, although a small amount of surface mold can often be cut away.
Another indicator is the texture. If the cheese becomes excessively dry and hard, or if it develops a slimy or sticky surface, it’s best to discard it. While Parmesan is a hard cheese, it shouldn’t be excessively brittle or have an unusual texture. Ultimately, if you’re unsure about the quality of your Parmesan, err on the side of caution and dispose of it.
What are some unexpected pairings for Parmesan cheese?
Parmesan cheese, with its complex flavor profile, can surprisingly complement a variety of unexpected pairings. Consider serving it with balsamic vinegar, the sweetness and acidity of the vinegar contrast beautifully with the saltiness and nutty notes of the cheese. Also, pairing it with dried fruits, such as figs or dates, can create a delightful sweet and savory experience.
Furthermore, try serving Parmesan with honey or fruit preserves. The sweetness of the honey or preserves balances the saltiness of the cheese, creating a harmonious combination. You can also experiment with pairing it with dark chocolate or nuts, such as walnuts or almonds, for a more complex and sophisticated flavor profile. These unexpected pairings can elevate your cheese board and introduce your guests to new culinary sensations.