Water is the lifeblood of survival. In an emergency situation, access to clean drinking water can quickly become a critical issue. Knowing how much water to stockpile is essential for preparing yourself and your family for potential disruptions. This guide will help you determine your specific water storage needs and offer practical advice on how to create a safe and reliable water reserve.
Understanding the Importance of Water Stockpiling
Why is stockpiling water so vital? Emergencies can strike unexpectedly. Natural disasters like hurricanes, earthquakes, floods, and wildfires can contaminate or disrupt public water supplies. Power outages can halt water treatment and distribution systems. Even unforeseen events like pipeline breaks or industrial accidents can leave you without access to clean water for days or even weeks.
Having a readily available water supply ensures your family’s basic needs are met, reducing stress and improving your chances of staying healthy and safe during a crisis. It allows you to focus on other critical survival tasks, like securing shelter, providing first aid, and maintaining communication, rather than scrambling to find a scarce resource.
Water isn’t just for drinking; it’s essential for sanitation, cooking, and hygiene. Proper hygiene is crucial for preventing the spread of disease, especially in emergency situations where medical care may be limited. Cooking also requires water to rehydrate food, prepare meals, and clean utensils.
Calculating Your Minimum Water Storage Needs
Determining the right amount of water to stockpile involves a few key considerations. The most important factor is the number of people you are preparing for. Other considerations include climate, activity level, and the length of time you want your water supply to last.
The general recommendation is to store at least one gallon of water per person per day. This amount covers basic drinking and sanitation needs in a moderate climate. However, this is a minimum requirement.
Individual Factors Influencing Water Needs
Consider these factors when adjusting your water storage calculations:
-
Climate: In hot climates, you’ll need to drink more water to stay hydrated. Increase your stockpile to two gallons per person per day, or even more if you live in an extremely arid environment.
-
Activity Level: If you anticipate engaging in strenuous activities, such as physical labor or hiking, you’ll need more water to replenish lost fluids.
-
Health Conditions: Individuals with certain medical conditions, like kidney problems or diabetes, may require more water. Consult with your doctor to determine their specific needs.
-
Children and Infants: Infants require a different source of hydration in most emergency scenarios, typically formula or breast milk (with mothers needing more water). Small children may need less water than adults but ensure you have enough for their needs.
-
Pets: Don’t forget to include your pets in your water storage calculations. Animals also need water to survive, so allocate an appropriate amount based on their size and activity level. A good rule of thumb is about one ounce of water per pound of body weight per day.
Determining the Duration of Your Water Supply
How long should your water supply last? Experts typically recommend storing enough water for at least three days. However, aiming for a longer period, such as two weeks or even a month, is highly advisable.
Think about potential disaster scenarios in your area. How long could it take for emergency services to reach you? How long could you be without access to utilities? The longer you can sustain yourself with your own water supply, the better prepared you’ll be.
The following table provides a simple way to calculate the minimum water needed, based on a gallon per person per day:
| Number of People | 3-Day Supply (Gallons) | 2-Week Supply (Gallons) | 1-Month Supply (Gallons) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3 | 14 | 30 |
| 2 | 6 | 28 | 60 |
| 3 | 9 | 42 | 90 |
| 4 | 12 | 56 | 120 |
| 5 | 15 | 70 | 150 |
Remember to adjust these numbers based on the factors discussed above, such as climate, activity level, and individual needs.
Safe Water Storage Methods
Once you’ve determined how much water to store, the next step is to choose the right storage methods. Proper storage is crucial for preventing contamination and ensuring your water remains safe to drink.
Recommended Water Storage Containers
- Food-Grade Plastic Containers: These are specifically designed for storing food and water and are free from harmful chemicals like BPA. Look for containers with a dark color to prevent algae growth.
- Water Storage Barrels: Large-capacity water storage barrels (55-gallon drums) are an excellent option for storing significant quantities of water. Ensure they are food-grade and have a tight-fitting lid.
- Commercial Bottled Water: Bottled water is a convenient and readily available option. Choose reputable brands and store them in a cool, dark place.
- Water Pouches: These are lightweight and easy to store, making them ideal for emergency kits and backpacks.
Containers to Avoid
- Milk Jugs: While readily available, milk jugs are not ideal for long-term water storage. They can be difficult to clean thoroughly and may harbor bacteria.
- Juice Containers: Similar to milk jugs, juice containers can be difficult to clean and may leach flavors into the water.
- Containers That Previously Held Chemicals: Never use containers that previously held chemicals, even if they have been cleaned. Residue can remain and contaminate your water supply.
Preparing Your Water Storage Containers
Before filling your containers with water, it’s essential to clean and sanitize them properly.
- Wash the container thoroughly with soap and water.
- Rinse the container several times to remove all traces of soap.
- Sanitize the container by adding one teaspoon of unscented liquid household bleach per gallon of water.
- Let the solution sit in the container for at least 30 minutes.
- Rinse the container thoroughly with clean water until the bleach odor is gone.
Filling Your Water Storage Containers
The best source of water for stockpiling is tap water that has been properly treated by your local water authority. If you are using well water, have it tested regularly to ensure it is safe to drink.
Fill your containers to the top, leaving as little air space as possible. This helps prevent the growth of bacteria. Seal the containers tightly to prevent contamination.
Maintaining Your Water Stockpile
Storing water is only half the battle. Regular maintenance is crucial for ensuring your water remains safe and usable over time.
Optimal Storage Conditions
Store your water containers in a cool, dark, and dry place. Exposure to sunlight and heat can degrade the plastic and promote the growth of algae and bacteria.
Avoid storing water near chemicals, pesticides, or other potentially hazardous substances. These substances could contaminate your water supply.
Water Rotation and Treatment
The general recommendation is to rotate your water supply every six months. This involves emptying the containers, cleaning and sanitizing them, and refilling them with fresh water.
If you are unable to rotate your water supply regularly, you can treat it to extend its shelf life. Add one-eighth of a teaspoon of unscented liquid household bleach per gallon of water. This will help kill any bacteria that may be present. Be sure to write the date of treatment on the container. Water treated with bleach should be safe to drink for up to a year.
Water Purification Methods in an Emergency
Even if you have a water stockpile, it’s essential to know how to purify water from other sources in an emergency. Options include boiling, using purification tablets, or creating a DIY water filter.
- Boiling: Boiling water for one minute (or three minutes at high altitudes) will kill most harmful bacteria and viruses.
- Purification Tablets: These tablets contain chemicals that kill bacteria and viruses in water. Follow the instructions on the package carefully.
- DIY Water Filter: You can create a simple water filter using a plastic bottle, cloth, charcoal, sand, and gravel. This filter will remove sediment and some contaminants, but it may not kill all bacteria and viruses. Always purify filtered water further by boiling or using purification tablets.
Beyond Basic Storage: Expanding Your Water Security
While storing a sufficient quantity of water is crucial, there are additional steps you can take to enhance your water security and preparedness.
Rainwater Harvesting
Collecting rainwater is an excellent way to supplement your water supply. Install rain barrels to capture rainwater from your roof. Be sure to filter and purify the rainwater before drinking it.
Water Filters and Purification Systems
Investing in a high-quality water filter or purification system can provide an additional layer of protection. These systems can remove sediment, bacteria, viruses, and other contaminants from water. Options include portable water filters, countertop water filters, and whole-house water filtration systems.
Locating Alternative Water Sources
Identify potential alternative water sources in your area, such as rivers, lakes, and streams. Learn how to safely purify water from these sources. Remember that these sources can be unreliable in dry conditions and may be contaminated.
Creating a Water Storage Plan
Develop a comprehensive water storage plan that outlines your specific needs, storage methods, and maintenance procedures. Share this plan with your family and ensure everyone knows how to access and use the water supply in an emergency.
Conclusion: Prioritizing Water Preparedness
Stockpiling water is a fundamental aspect of emergency preparedness. By understanding your water needs, choosing the right storage methods, and maintaining your water supply, you can ensure your family has access to this vital resource during a crisis.
Don’t wait until disaster strikes. Take the time now to assess your water storage needs and implement a plan to protect yourself and your loved ones. Being prepared can make all the difference when clean drinking water is scarce. Remember, water is life; store it wisely.
How much water should I stockpile per person per day?
The general recommendation is to store at least one gallon of water per person per day for drinking and sanitation. This baseline can fluctuate depending on individual needs, climate conditions, and activity levels. In hot weather or if you anticipate heavy exertion, you may need to double the amount to two gallons per person per day to prevent dehydration and maintain hygiene.
Consider factors like medical conditions that might require more water intake, young children, or pregnant/nursing mothers who need increased hydration. Also, remember to factor in water for pets, as they require their own separate water supply. Tailoring your water storage to your specific circumstances ensures adequate hydration and hygiene during an emergency.
What are the best containers for storing water long-term?
The best containers for long-term water storage are food-grade plastic containers made from high-density polyethylene (HDPE). These containers are durable, leak-proof, and designed to prevent chemicals from leaching into the water. Look for containers that are dark in color to block sunlight, which can encourage algae growth and degrade the water quality.
Alternatively, you can use glass containers, but they are heavier and more susceptible to breakage. Avoid using milk jugs or juice containers, as they are difficult to clean thoroughly and may harbor bacteria. Properly cleaned and sanitized food-grade barrels or water storage tanks are also excellent options for larger families or extended storage needs.
How long can I store water before it goes bad?
Properly stored water can remain potable for extended periods, even years. However, the taste may become flat over time as dissolved gases dissipate. The key to long-term storage is to use a clean, sanitized container and store the water in a cool, dark, and dry place away from sunlight and extreme temperatures.
While the water itself does not necessarily “go bad,” it can become contaminated if the container is not properly sealed or if bacteria are introduced. To ensure the highest quality, it is recommended to replace stored water every six months to a year, even if it appears clear and odorless. This proactive approach minimizes any potential risks associated with long-term water storage.
What’s the best way to purify tap water for storage?
The most effective way to purify tap water for storage is to treat it with household bleach. Use unscented liquid household bleach that contains 5.25% to 6% sodium hypochlorite. The recommended dosage is 8 drops of bleach per gallon of water or ½ teaspoon per 5 gallons of water. Stir the water thoroughly and let it stand for at least 30 minutes before sealing it in your storage container.
Another option is to boil the water for one minute, which will kill most harmful bacteria and viruses. However, this method requires a heat source and can be time-consuming for large quantities of water. Filtration systems can also remove sediment and some contaminants, but they may not eliminate all bacteria and viruses unless specifically designed to do so. Bleach treatment offers a reliable and cost-effective solution for purifying tap water for long-term storage.
Where should I store my emergency water supply?
The ideal location for storing your emergency water supply is a cool, dark, and dry place, away from direct sunlight and extreme temperatures. Basements, garages, or closets are often suitable options. The temperature should remain consistently cool to prevent the water from degrading or the containers from leaking or breaking.
Avoid storing water near chemicals, pesticides, or other potentially contaminating substances. Consider storing your water in multiple locations to ensure access in case one area becomes inaccessible. For example, you could store some water in your basement, some in your garage, and some in an upstairs closet. Proper storage is crucial for maintaining the quality and potability of your emergency water supply.
How do I treat water if my stored supply runs out?
If your stored water supply runs out, locate alternative water sources. These could include rainwater, water from streams or rivers, or even water from your hot water tank. However, these water sources are likely contaminated and require purification before consumption. Boiling is a reliable method, bringing the water to a rolling boil for one minute to kill most pathogens.
If boiling isn’t possible, use water purification tablets or a portable water filter designed to remove bacteria and viruses. You can also disinfect water with household bleach, using the same proportions as for storing tap water (8 drops per gallon). Allow the water to sit for at least 30 minutes before drinking. Remember, finding and treating water is a critical survival skill, so familiarize yourself with these methods beforehand.
How do I calculate water needs for pets?
Pets need water just like humans, and their hydration needs vary depending on their size, activity level, and the surrounding climate. As a general guideline, aim to store at least one ounce of water per pound of pet per day. For example, a 50-pound dog would require approximately 50 ounces, or about half a gallon, of water each day.
Adjust this amount based on your pet’s individual needs. Highly active dogs, those living in warm climates, or pets with certain medical conditions may need more water. Always provide a separate water bowl for your pets and ensure they have access to clean, fresh water at all times. Factor their needs into your overall water storage plan to safeguard their health and well-being during an emergency.