Hazelnuts, also known as filberts, are a delightful and nutritious nut enjoyed worldwide. Whether you’re gathering them fresh from your own tree or purchasing them in bulk, knowing how to effectively shell raw hazelnuts is essential for unlocking their rich flavor and incorporating them into your culinary creations. This comprehensive guide will walk you through various methods, offering tips and tricks to make the process easier and more efficient.
Understanding Hazelnuts: From Orchard to Table
Before diving into the shelling process, let’s take a moment to appreciate the journey of the hazelnut. These delectable nuts grow on hazel trees (Corylus species), thriving in temperate climates around the globe. They mature in the fall, encased in a tough outer shell that protects the kernel inside.
Harvesting season typically occurs in autumn, when the nuts naturally fall from the tree. If you’re harvesting your own, gather the fallen nuts regularly to prevent them from becoming damp and potentially molding. You can also gently shake the branches to encourage ripe nuts to drop.
Once harvested, hazelnuts require proper drying to ensure optimal flavor and storage. Spread them out in a single layer on a screen or tray in a well-ventilated area for several weeks, or until the shells become brittle. This drying process is crucial for making shelling easier.
The drying process significantly impacts the ease of shelling. Properly dried hazelnuts have shells that are more prone to cracking and releasing the nut inside.
Essential Tools for Shelling Hazelnuts
Having the right tools on hand can significantly streamline the shelling process. While some methods require specialized equipment, others rely on simple household items. Here are some common tools used for shelling hazelnuts:
- Nutcracker: A classic choice, nutcrackers come in various designs, from simple lever-style models to more sophisticated pliers-style versions. Choose one that fits comfortably in your hand and provides sufficient leverage.
- Hammer: A hammer can be used to gently crack the shells, but requires a delicate touch to avoid crushing the nut inside.
- Pliers: Pliers can be used to apply focused pressure to the shell, cracking it open without damaging the kernel.
- Vice Grips: Similar to pliers, vice grips offer a more secure grip and can be adjusted to apply the right amount of pressure.
- Commercial Nut Sheller: For those processing large quantities of hazelnuts, a commercial nut sheller can significantly increase efficiency. These machines are designed to crack the shells quickly and effectively.
- Heavy-Duty Ziplock Bag: Useful for containing the shell fragments and keeping your workspace clean.
- Towel: Provides a cushion and prevents the nuts from slipping while being cracked.
Selecting the right tool depends on the quantity of hazelnuts you’re shelling and your personal preference. Experiment with different methods to find what works best for you.
Mastering Manual Shelling Techniques
Manual shelling methods are ideal for small batches of hazelnuts or when you don’t have access to specialized equipment. These techniques require a bit of patience and finesse, but can be quite rewarding.
The Nutcracker Method
The nutcracker is a tried-and-true tool for shelling hazelnuts. Place the hazelnut in the jaws of the nutcracker, ensuring it’s securely positioned. Gently squeeze the handles together, applying steady pressure until the shell cracks. Avoid applying excessive force, as this can crush the nut inside. Once the shell is cracked, carefully remove the nutmeat.
Controlling the pressure is key to preventing damage to the nut. Start with gentle pressure and gradually increase it until the shell cracks.
The Hammer Method
Using a hammer to shell hazelnuts requires a delicate touch. Place the hazelnut on a hard surface, such as a wooden cutting board or a concrete floor. Cover the nut with a towel to prevent it from flying away. Gently tap the nut with the hammer, aiming for the side rather than the top. Apply just enough force to crack the shell without crushing the kernel.
Practice is essential for mastering the hammer method. Start with a few test nuts to get a feel for the right amount of force.
The Pliers Method
Pliers can be used to apply focused pressure to a specific point on the hazelnut shell. Position the pliers so that the jaws are gripping the shell securely. Gently squeeze the handles together, applying pressure until the shell cracks.
Pliers are particularly useful for cracking stubborn shells. Their focused pressure allows you to target specific weak points.
Leveraging Mechanical Shelling Options
For larger quantities of hazelnuts, mechanical shelling options can significantly increase efficiency and reduce the amount of time and effort required.
Commercial Nut Shellers
Commercial nut shellers are designed to process large volumes of nuts quickly and effectively. These machines typically use a combination of rollers and pressure plates to crack the shells without damaging the kernels. They are a significant investment, but can be worthwhile for those who regularly process large quantities of hazelnuts.
Commercial nut shellers are ideal for orchards and processing facilities. Their high capacity and efficiency make them a valuable asset for large-scale operations.
DIY Mechanical Solutions
While commercial nut shellers offer the highest level of efficiency, there are also DIY mechanical solutions that can be used to automate the shelling process to some degree. These solutions often involve modifying existing tools or building simple machines to apply consistent pressure to the hazelnuts.
DIY mechanical solutions can be a cost-effective alternative for those with limited budgets. However, they may require some technical skill and ingenuity to implement effectively.
Tips and Tricks for Efficient Shelling
No matter which method you choose, there are several tips and tricks that can help you shell hazelnuts more efficiently and effectively.
- Soaking Hazelnuts: Soaking hazelnuts in water for a few hours before shelling can soften the shells and make them easier to crack. This is especially helpful for older, drier nuts.
- Roasting Hazelnuts: Roasting hazelnuts before shelling can also make the shells more brittle and easier to remove. Roast the nuts in a single layer in a preheated oven at 350°F (175°C) for 10-15 minutes, or until the skins start to crack.
- Scoring the Shell: Before cracking the shell, try scoring it with a knife or sharp tool. This creates a weak point that makes it easier to crack the shell cleanly.
- Sorting by Size: Sorting hazelnuts by size can help you optimize your shelling technique. Larger nuts may require more pressure, while smaller nuts may be more prone to crushing.
- Protecting Your Hands: Wearing gloves can protect your hands from getting sore or injured during the shelling process.
Roasting hazelnuts not only makes them easier to shell but also enhances their flavor. The roasting process brings out the nutty sweetness and creates a more complex flavor profile.
Dealing with Difficult Hazelnuts
Sometimes, despite your best efforts, you’ll encounter hazelnuts that are particularly difficult to shell. Here are some strategies for dealing with these stubborn nuts:
- Re-soaking: If the nuts are not yielding to your initial attempts, try re-soaking them in water for a longer period.
- Targeted Pressure: Use pliers or vice grips to apply focused pressure to specific weak points on the shell.
- Sacrifice a Few: In some cases, it may be necessary to sacrifice a few nuts to learn how to crack the more difficult ones without damaging the kernels.
- Accept Imperfection: Don’t strive for perfection. It’s okay if some of the nuts are slightly broken or damaged during the shelling process.
Patience is key when dealing with difficult hazelnuts. Don’t get discouraged if some nuts are more challenging than others.
Storing Shelled Hazelnuts for Freshness
Once you’ve shelled your hazelnuts, it’s important to store them properly to maintain their freshness and prevent them from going rancid. Shelled hazelnuts are more susceptible to spoilage than unshelled nuts, so proper storage is essential.
- Airtight Container: Store shelled hazelnuts in an airtight container, such as a glass jar or a plastic container with a tight-fitting lid.
- Cool, Dark Place: Keep the container in a cool, dark place, such as a pantry or a cupboard. Avoid storing them in direct sunlight or near heat sources.
- Refrigeration: For longer storage, you can refrigerate shelled hazelnuts. This will help to slow down the oxidation process and extend their shelf life.
- Freezing: For the longest storage, you can freeze shelled hazelnuts. Place them in a freezer-safe bag or container and freeze them for up to a year.
Proper storage is crucial for preserving the flavor and quality of shelled hazelnuts. Follow these guidelines to ensure that your nuts stay fresh and delicious.
Hazelnuts in the Kitchen: Unleashing Culinary Potential
Once you’ve mastered the art of shelling hazelnuts, you can start incorporating them into your culinary creations. Hazelnuts are a versatile ingredient that can be used in a wide variety of dishes, from sweet to savory.
- Snacking: Enjoy shelled hazelnuts as a healthy and satisfying snack.
- Baking: Add chopped hazelnuts to cookies, cakes, muffins, and other baked goods.
- Salads: Sprinkle toasted hazelnuts on salads for added flavor and texture.
- Pesto: Use hazelnuts in place of pine nuts to make a delicious and unique pesto.
- Chocolate: Combine hazelnuts with chocolate to create decadent desserts and candies.
- Hazelnut Butter: Make your own homemade hazelnut butter for a healthy and delicious spread.
Hazelnuts add a rich, nutty flavor and satisfying crunch to any dish. Experiment with different recipes and discover your favorite ways to use these versatile nuts.
Conclusion: Embrace the Hazelnut Experience
Shelling raw hazelnuts may seem like a daunting task at first, but with the right tools, techniques, and a little bit of patience, it can become a rewarding experience. From the satisfaction of cracking open the shell to the joy of savoring the delicious nutmeat, the entire process is a celebration of nature’s bounty. So, gather your hazelnuts, choose your preferred method, and embark on a nutty adventure!
Enjoying fresh, shelled hazelnuts is a truly special experience. Whether you’re using them in your favorite recipes or simply snacking on them straight from the shell, you’ll appreciate the rich flavor and wholesome goodness of these delightful nuts.
What are the best methods for cracking raw hazelnuts?
Several methods can be used to crack raw hazelnuts effectively. Options include using a nutcracker specifically designed for hazelnuts or other small nuts, employing a hammer with careful control, or utilizing pliers. Some also find success using a door or drawer, placing the hazelnut in a sturdy bag and gently closing the door/drawer to apply pressure.
Regardless of the chosen method, the key is to apply consistent, controlled pressure to crack the shell without crushing the nutmeat inside. Experiment with different techniques to find the one that works best for you and minimizes damage to the hazelnuts. Remember to exercise caution to avoid injury, especially when using tools like hammers.
How can I prevent hazelnuts from shooting out when cracking them?
The projectile nature of cracking hazelnuts can be frustrating. The best way to mitigate this is to contain the nut within a small, sturdy bag while applying pressure. A canvas bag, a thick ziplock bag, or even wrapping the nut in a cloth can help catch the pieces and prevent them from flying across the room.
Another effective technique involves cracking hazelnuts underwater. The water dampens the force of the cracking and prevents the shell and nut from scattering. Just make sure to dry the shelled hazelnuts thoroughly afterwards to prevent mold or spoilage. Consider wearing eye protection when using a nutcracker or hammer as an extra precaution.
What is the best way to remove the skin from shelled hazelnuts?
Removing the papery skin from hazelnuts can be tedious, but several methods make the process easier. The most common approach is roasting the shelled hazelnuts in a single layer on a baking sheet at 350°F (175°C) for 10-15 minutes. The skins should start to crack and loosen.
Once roasted, place the warm hazelnuts in a clean kitchen towel. Rub the towel vigorously to remove the loose skins. Some skins may be stubborn, and you can pick them off individually. Alternatively, blanching the hazelnuts in boiling water for a minute or two before roasting can also help loosen the skins, though it requires more drying time.
How do I know if my raw hazelnuts are fresh?
Freshness is crucial for the taste and quality of hazelnuts. Look for hazelnuts with shells that are smooth, intact, and free from cracks or blemishes. Give them a shake; if you hear a rattling sound, it likely means the nut has dried out and shrunk inside the shell, indicating staleness.
Once shelled, a fresh hazelnut should be firm, plump, and have a characteristic nutty aroma. Avoid hazelnuts that are shriveled, discolored, or smell rancid. Rancidity is a sign that the oils in the nut have gone bad. Storing hazelnuts properly in a cool, dry place will help maintain their freshness.
Can I use a food processor to remove the skins from hazelnuts?
Using a food processor can be a viable option for removing skins from roasted hazelnuts, but it requires a delicate touch. After roasting and slightly cooling the hazelnuts, pulse them in the food processor for short bursts, being careful not to over-process them into hazelnut meal or butter.
The pulsing action helps rub the skins off, but constant monitoring is essential. Sift the hazelnuts to separate the kernels from the skins. This method can be quicker for large quantities, but it requires a level of care to avoid altering the texture of the hazelnuts. You will likely still need to pick off some remaining skins by hand.
What are some creative ways to use shelled raw hazelnuts?
Shelled raw hazelnuts are incredibly versatile in the kitchen. They can be eaten as a healthy snack, added to trail mixes, or incorporated into homemade granola. They are also a fantastic addition to salads, providing a satisfying crunch and nutty flavor.
Furthermore, raw hazelnuts can be used in baking to create delicious cakes, cookies, and brownies. They can be ground into flour for gluten-free baking or used as a topping for desserts. Roasting them enhances their flavor and makes them perfect for incorporating into savory dishes, such as stuffing or pesto.
How should I store shelled raw hazelnuts to keep them fresh?
Proper storage is essential to maintain the freshness and quality of shelled raw hazelnuts. The ideal storage environment is cool, dry, and dark. Exposure to light, heat, and moisture can cause the oils in the nuts to go rancid, leading to an unpleasant taste and aroma.
Store shelled hazelnuts in an airtight container or resealable bag in the refrigerator for up to several months or in the freezer for up to a year. Freezing is an excellent option for long-term storage, as it helps to prevent the nuts from going rancid. Be sure to label the container with the date of storage.